2022年5月TOKYO-MOU地区PSC检查情况

2022-06-23 16:39来源： 阳光安检浦东海事

2022年5月TOKYO-MOU地区PSC检查情况

数据来源于APCIS

01整体情况

1、基本检查情况

2022年5月东京备忘录地区共开展PSC检查2064艘次，发现缺陷3682项，滞留船舶49艘次，滞留率为2.37%。

2、船舶滞留情况

5月份9个国家/地区实施了滞留，澳大利亚滞留船舶艘次最多，共滞留了16艘次，日本滞留了11艘次，中国滞留8艘次。

滞留率最高的国家/地区依次是：澳大利亚，8.51%；日本，4.35%；俄罗斯，4.24%；新西兰， 3.85%。

3、滞留缺陷类别分布

5月份共开出滞留缺陷90项，占据首位的是消防安全缺陷，排名二、三位的依次是ISM和救生设备。

02部分典型滞留缺陷

03典型滞留缺陷分析

1、弃船演习不满足公约要求缺陷描述：

Abandon ship drill not in compliance with requirements when PSCO inspection, the drill procedure not performed properly.

PSCO检查时弃船演习不符合要求，演习程序未正确执行。

公约原文：S74/CIII/R19

19.3.4:Abandon ship drill

3.4.1 Each abandon ship drill shall include :

.1 summoning of passengers and crew to muster stations with the alarm required by regulation 6.4.2 followed by drill announcement on the public address or other communication system and ensuring that they are made aware of the order to abandon ship;

.2 reporting to stations and preparing for the duties described in the muster list;

.3 checking that passengers and crew are suitably dressed;

.4 checking that lifejackets are correctly donned;

.5 lowering of at least one lifeboat after any necessary preparation for launching;

.6 starting and operating the lifeboat engine;

.7 operation of davits used for launching liferafts;

.8 a mock search and rescue of passengers trapped in their staterooms;and

.9 instruction in the use of radio life-saving appliances.

3.4.9 Emergency lighting for mustering and abandonment shall be tested at each abandon ship drill.

分析：

SOLAS公约救生设备部分和《港口国监督程序》（Res.A.1155(32)）附录7对弃船演习内容或检查要求有明确规定，每次弃船演习主要内容包括广播通知、报道集合、穿着及救生衣检查、至少降下一艘救生艇、启动操作救生艇机、操作降落救生筏所用的吊筏架、介绍无线电救生设备的使用、测试应急照明等。就演习程序而言，PSC及FSC检查中发现容易遗漏的项目主要有：未操作降落救生筏所用的吊筏架（配备自由降落救生艇船舶适用）、未介绍无线电救生设备的使用、未测试降落区域的应急照明等。弃船演习（或消防演习）不熟练、不符合要求既可单独成为滞留缺陷项目，也可构成船舶安全管理体系缺陷的重要依据，请相关公司和船舶高度重视，如实开展各类演习并做好记录，做到功在平时训练有素，面对紧急情况不慌乱，接受检查时应对自如。

2、错误使用消耗臭氧物质缺陷描述：

17 air conditioners and 2 refrigerators containing ozone-depleting substances found be installed on board after January 1 2020。

船上在2020年1月1日后安装了含有消耗臭氧物质的17台空调和2台冰机。

公约原文：M73/78/ANVI/R12

3.1 Installations which contain ozone depleting substances, other than hydro-chlorofluorocarbons, shall be prohibited:

.1 on ships constructed on or after 19 May 2005; or

.2 in the case of ships constructed before 19 May 2005, which have a contractual delivery date of the equipment to the ship on or after 19 May 2005 or, in the absence of a contractual delivery date, the actual delivery of the equipment to the ship on or after 19 May 2005.

3.2 Installations which contain hydro-chlorofluorocarbons shall be prohibited:

.1 on ships constructed on or after 1 January 2020; or

.2 in the case of ships constructed before 1 January 2020, which have a contractual delivery date of the equipment to the ship on or after 1 January 2020 or, in the absence of a contractual delivery date, the actual delivery of the equipment to the ship on or after 1 January 2020.

分析：

根据MARPOL公约附则VI要求，禁止故意排放消耗臭氧的物质; 2005年5月19后新船禁止氢化氯氟烃（HCFCs）除外的含有消耗臭氧物质的新装置安装到船上，2020年1月1日后新船，禁止使用含有氢化氯氟烃（HCFCs）新装置安装到船上。船上可能使用的消耗臭氧物质包括但不限于以下种类：Halon1211溴氯二氟甲烷、Halon1301溴三氟甲烷、Halon2402 1，2－二溴化物－1，1，2，2－四氟乙烷（亦称作 Halon114B2）、CFC-11三氯氟甲烷、CFC-12二氯二氟甲烷、CFC-113 1，1，2－三氯－1，2，2－三氟乙烷、CFC-1141，2－二氯－1，1，2，2－四氟乙烷、CFC-115氯五氟乙烷。本例中，船舶在2020年1月1后安装了含有消耗臭氧物质的17台空调和2台冰机，显然不满足MARPOL公约要求。另外，对于现存含有消耗臭氧物质的可重新充注或更换的系统或设备的船舶，应保存一份含消耗臭氧物质的设备清单和一份消耗臭氧物质记录簿，并在重新充注、维修保养、向大气或接收设施排放后如实记录。

3、船员就业协议失效缺陷描述：

The maximum duration service periods on board of some crews are below. / 1. A.B (CREWLIST No.11) embarked on 30-11-2019 over 29 months. / 2. A.B (CREWLIST No.12) embarked on 19-10-2019 over 31 months. / 3. M/M (CREWLIST No.15) embarked on 15-08-2020 over 21 months. / And permission from Flag State for extension of Seafarers' Employment Agreement (SEA) were not presented at the time of inspection

一些船员在船上的最长服务时间如下:1.A.B（CREWLIST No.11）于2019年11月30日开始，历时29个月； 2.A.B（CREWLIST No.12）于2019年10月19日开始，历时31个月；3.M/M（CREWLIST No.15）于2020年8月15日开始，历时21个月。检查时，船旗国未提供延长海员就业协议（SEA）的许可。

公约原文：

MLC 2006 Title 2/Standard A2.1

A2.1 – Seafarers’ employment agreements:

4. Each Member shall adopt laws and regulations specifying the matters that are to be included in all seafarers’ employment agreements governed by its national law. Seafarers’ employment agreements shall in all cases contain the following particulars:

(a) the seafarer’s full name, date of birth or age, and birthplace;

(b) the shipowner’s name and address;

(d) the capacity in which the seafarer is to be employed;

(e) the amount of the seafarer’s wages or, where applicable, the formula used for calculating them;

(f) the amount of paid annual leave or, where applicable, the formula used for calculating it;

(g) the termination of the agreement and the conditions thereof, including:

(i) if the agreement has been made for an indefinite period, the conditions entitling either party to terminate it, as well as the required notice period, which shall not be less for the shipowner than for the seafarer;

(ii) if the agreement has been made for a definite period, the date fixed for its expiry; and

(iii) if the agreement has been made for a voyage, the port of destination and the time which has to expire after arrival before the seafarer should be discharged;

(h) the health and social security protection benefits to be provided to the seafarer by the shipowner;

(i) the seafarer’s entitlement to repatriation;

(j) reference to the collective bargaining agreement, if applicable; and

(k) any other particulars which national law may require.

分析：

根据《海事劳工公约》要求，每一名船员应持有一份《海员就业协议》，该协议如有确定期限，应注明确定的期满日期。本例中，该船多名船员超期服务，就业协议过期且未展期，该轮被滞留。近几年全球航运受疫情影响，船员换班存在困难，容易导致包括船员就业协议在内的船舶及船员证书文书过期失效的情况。在PSC检查实践中，如查出一名船员就业协议过期或健康证过期等，一般会要求开航前纠正，而对于查出的多名船员就业协议过期、健康证过期等缺陷，则有可能对船舶采取滞留措施。请相关船舶密切关注本船船员及船舶证书文书的有效期，提前做好换证或展期准备，始终保持所有证书的有效状态。

04部分缺陷